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A case study in PDF forensics: The Epstein PDFs

This article details a PDF forensics case study on a small, random selection of the Epstein PDF files released by the US Department of Justice (DoJ). The tranche contains 4,085 PDF files, with an estimated 5,879 remaining unreleased. Key findings include:

  • A difference in PDF version reporting between forensic tools.
  • The presence of two incremental updates.
  • The discovery of a hidden (orphaned) document information dictionary revealing the software used in processing.
  • The DoJ avoided JPEG images to prevent metadata leakage.
  • Overall, the DoJ’s sanitization workflow could be improved to reduce file size and information leakage.
Peter Wyatt

By Peter Wyatt
December 2025

A case study in PDF forensics: The Epstein PDFs

This article details a PDF forensics case study on a small, random selection of the Epstein PDF files released by the US Department of Justice (DoJ). The tranche contains 4,085 PDF files, with an estimated 5,879 remaining unreleased. Key findings include:

  • A difference in PDF version reporting between forensic tools.
  • The presence of two incremental updates.
  • The discovery of a hidden (orphaned) document information dictionary revealing the software used in processing.
  • The DoJ avoided JPEG images to prevent metadata leakage.
  • Overall, the DoJ’s sanitization workflow could be improved to reduce file size and information leakage.
Peter Wyatt

By Peter Wyatt
December 2025

PDF Technical Conference 2015 at Adobe headquarters to offer 360° view of ISO PDF standards

August 2015 by PDF Association staff
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PDF Technical Conference 2015: With over 40 presentations and podium discussions, conference attendees will benefit from intensive technical education on a wide range of high-profile subjects, including mobile and cloud … Read more

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July 2015 by PDF Association staff
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This article highlights three areas in which PDF can help developers offer powerful new options to their product and project … Read more

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July 2015 by PDF Association staff
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You missed the PDF Days Europe 2015? Never mind! Overview of the video recordings of the PDF Days Europe 2015

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July 2015 by Duff Johnson
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Release 0.2 of veraPDF does not yet perform PDF/A validation, but as a proof-of-concept it demonstrates the approach selected for … Read more

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July 2015 by PDF Association staff
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How search engine and other application developers can enhance their PDF-related functionality by fully supporting ISO 32000, the ISO specification … Read more

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July 2015 by Duff Johnson
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Link-farming with PDF (still) fools Google. What are they parsing, and what are they doing with what they get?

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July 2015 by Duff Johnson
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Will Android heavyweight Samsung introduce PDF annotation support?

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June 2015 by PDF Association staff
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A brief introduction to PDF 2.0, the first major revision of the PDF specification since 2006.

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June 2015 by PDF Association staff
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The PDF Technical Conference 2015 is a unique opportunity to learn about the diverse capabilities and ecosystem of the ISO … Read more

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June 2015 by PDF Association staff
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What is PDF/A? What does PDF/A offer, and how can I access that value? Answers to these and other questions … Read more

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June 2015 by PDF Association staff
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2015’s PDF Days Europe in Cologne has proved a complete success for another year running

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