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A case study in PDF forensics: The Epstein PDFs

This article details a PDF forensics case study on a small, random selection of the Epstein PDF files released by the US Department of Justice (DoJ). The tranche contains 4,085 PDF files, with an estimated 5,879 remaining unreleased. Key findings include:

  • A difference in PDF version reporting between forensic tools.
  • The presence of two incremental updates.
  • The discovery of a hidden (orphaned) document information dictionary revealing the software used in processing.
  • The DoJ avoided JPEG images to prevent metadata leakage.
  • Overall, the DoJ’s sanitization workflow could be improved to reduce file size and information leakage.
Peter Wyatt

By Peter Wyatt
December 2025

A case study in PDF forensics: The Epstein PDFs

This article details a PDF forensics case study on a small, random selection of the Epstein PDF files released by the US Department of Justice (DoJ). The tranche contains 4,085 PDF files, with an estimated 5,879 remaining unreleased. Key findings include:

  • A difference in PDF version reporting between forensic tools.
  • The presence of two incremental updates.
  • The discovery of a hidden (orphaned) document information dictionary revealing the software used in processing.
  • The DoJ avoided JPEG images to prevent metadata leakage.
  • Overall, the DoJ’s sanitization workflow could be improved to reduce file size and information leakage.
Peter Wyatt

By Peter Wyatt
December 2025

Five reasons members’ marketing executives should participate in PDF Days Europe

April 2018 by PDF Association staff
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Here are five reasons why industry professionals in marketing, business development and sales should attend at PDF Days Europe 2018.

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April 2018 by PDF Association staff
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To maximize both the opportunities and the benefits of testing, the third PDF 2.0 interop workshop makes it possible for … Read more

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April 2018 by PDF Association staff
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Google users wondering how to convert… usually want to convert to PDF.

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March 2018 by PDF Association staff
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PDF ISO standards fulfill certain requirements and is preferred in different sectors accordingly but they are not mutually exclusive

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March 2018 by PDF Association staff
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PDF Days Europe, the annual PDF technology education event, will take place from 14 to 16 May 2018 in Berlin … Read more

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March 2018 by PDF Association staff
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Motherboard, which “…travels the world to uncover the tech and science stories that define what’s coming next for this quickly-evolving … Read more

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March 2018 by PDF Association staff
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PDF Days Europe, the annual PDF technology education event, will take place from 14 to 16 May 2018 in Berlin … Read more

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February 2018 by PDF Association staff
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Slate magazine reports today that Special Counsel Robert S. Mueller’s recent indictment of Paul J. Manafort and Richard W. Gates … Read more

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February 2018 by PDF Association staff
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Following the success of our previous interop workshops in Cambridge, England and Boston, Massachusetts, the 3rd PDF 2.0 Interop Workshop … Read more

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February 2018 by PDF Association staff
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On Wednesday, May 16, 2018, directly following PDF Days Europe, the PDF Days Post-Conference offers a variety of workshops on … Read more

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February 2018 by PDF Association staff
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Fittingly for the tenth anniversary of PDF’ becoming an ISO standard, standardization will play a significant role this year. The … Read more

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