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A case study in PDF forensics: The Epstein PDFs

This article details a PDF forensics case study on a small, random selection of the Epstein PDF files released by the US Department of Justice (DoJ). The tranche contains 4,085 PDF files, with an estimated 5,879 remaining unreleased. Key findings include:

  • A difference in PDF version reporting between forensic tools.
  • The presence of two incremental updates.
  • The discovery of a hidden (orphaned) document information dictionary revealing the software used in processing.
  • The DoJ avoided JPEG images to prevent metadata leakage.
  • Overall, the DoJ’s sanitization workflow could be improved to reduce file size and information leakage.
Peter Wyatt

By Peter Wyatt
December 2025

A case study in PDF forensics: The Epstein PDFs

This article details a PDF forensics case study on a small, random selection of the Epstein PDF files released by the US Department of Justice (DoJ). The tranche contains 4,085 PDF files, with an estimated 5,879 remaining unreleased. Key findings include:

  • A difference in PDF version reporting between forensic tools.
  • The presence of two incremental updates.
  • The discovery of a hidden (orphaned) document information dictionary revealing the software used in processing.
  • The DoJ avoided JPEG images to prevent metadata leakage.
  • Overall, the DoJ’s sanitization workflow could be improved to reduce file size and information leakage.
Peter Wyatt

By Peter Wyatt
December 2025

Interview with Matt Kuznicki about PDF Days Europe 2016

April 2016 by PDF Association staff
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Matt Kuznicki, Chief Technical Officer at Datalogics, tells us about his plans for the PDF Days Europe 2016 conference in Berlin.

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April 2016 by Matthias Wagner
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The 2016 PSD handbook version is published – German version will be provided soon.

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April 2016 by PDF Association staff
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iText creator Bruno Lowagie tells us about his plans for the PDF Days Europe 2016 conference in Berlin.

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April 2016 by PDF Association staff
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For ECM professionals, PDF deserves your attention to maximize utility… and minimize risk.

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April 2016 by Duff Johnson
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PDF’s value-proposition is exemplified by a USB key developed to monitor temperatures in shipping containers.

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April 2016 by PDF Association staff
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As in previous years, the PDF Days Europe will act as a link between users and developers.

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April 2016 by PDF Association staff
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The scale of this year’s PDF Days Europe event allows us to focus on several distinct areas of interest.

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March 2016 by Duff Johnson
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veraPDF 0.12 features improved PDF/A-2b and PDF/A-3b validation and a complete REST API.

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March 2016 by Duff Johnson
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An optional PDF/UA conversion add-on will soon allow users to create PDF/UA documents from Google Docs.

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March 2016 by PDF Association staff
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The ISO standard for accessible PDF files costs 88 Swiss Francs. As of March 25 it’s also available from AIIM … Read more

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March 2016 by Duff Johnson
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PDF/UA is the newest US National Standard, and it’s available for only $15 from aiim.org!

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