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A case study in PDF forensics: The Epstein PDFs

This article details a PDF forensics case study on a small, random selection of the Epstein PDF files released by the US Department of Justice (DoJ). The tranche contains 4,085 PDF files, with an estimated 5,879 remaining unreleased. Key findings include:

  • A difference in PDF version reporting between forensic tools.
  • The presence of two incremental updates.
  • The discovery of a hidden (orphaned) document information dictionary revealing the software used in processing.
  • The DoJ avoided JPEG images to prevent metadata leakage.
  • Overall, the DoJ’s sanitization workflow could be improved to reduce file size and information leakage.
Peter Wyatt

By Peter Wyatt
December 2025

A case study in PDF forensics: The Epstein PDFs

This article details a PDF forensics case study on a small, random selection of the Epstein PDF files released by the US Department of Justice (DoJ). The tranche contains 4,085 PDF files, with an estimated 5,879 remaining unreleased. Key findings include:

  • A difference in PDF version reporting between forensic tools.
  • The presence of two incremental updates.
  • The discovery of a hidden (orphaned) document information dictionary revealing the software used in processing.
  • The DoJ avoided JPEG images to prevent metadata leakage.
  • Overall, the DoJ’s sanitization workflow could be improved to reduce file size and information leakage.
Peter Wyatt

By Peter Wyatt
December 2025

Save the Date – PDF Days Europe 2016 in Berlin

December 2015 by PDF Association staff
Article


The popular PDF Days Europe will be even more attractive. It’s not just the new location in the metropolis of Berlin, it’s also owing to the enhanced event concept.

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December 2015 by Matthias Wagner
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Matt Kuznicki is elected Vice Chairman of the PDF Association’s Board of Directors on November 23, 2015.

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December 2015 by Duff Johnson
Duff Johnson
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Google’s latest release of Chrome includes updated support for PDF viewing.

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December 2015 by Duff Johnson
Duff Johnson
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Karlen Communications is surveying users with disabilities to better understand the end user experience of PDF documents within that population.

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December 2015 by PDF Association staff
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Use our new express form to publish your posts on pdfa.org.

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December 2015 by Duff Johnson
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SD Times talks PDF with a number of developers in the electronic document field, including several PDF Association members.

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November 2015 by Duff Johnson
Duff Johnson
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The amended Transparency Directive will require public company annual financial reports in an ESEF beginning January 1, 2020.

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November 2015 by Duff Johnson
Duff Johnson
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The veraPDF consortium has announced the 0.6 release of the veraPDF PDF/A validation software and test-suite. This release features validation … Read more

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October 2015 by Duff Johnson
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The European Disability Forum reports that European Commissioner Thyssen has confirmed that the European Accessibility Act, under development since 2012, … Read more

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October 2015 by PDF Association staff
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The TWAIN Working Group (TWG) announced its partnership with the PDF Association.

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October 2015 by Olaf Drümmer
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With the initial discussions having started in 2012, PDFBox 2.0.0 has been in the works for quite some time – … Read more

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