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A case study in PDF forensics: The Epstein PDFs

This article details a PDF forensics case study on a small, random selection of the Epstein PDF files released by the US Department of Justice (DoJ). The tranche contains 4,085 PDF files, with an estimated 5,879 remaining unreleased. Key findings include:

  • A difference in PDF version reporting between forensic tools.
  • The presence of two incremental updates.
  • The discovery of a hidden (orphaned) document information dictionary revealing the software used in processing.
  • The DoJ avoided JPEG images to prevent metadata leakage.
  • Overall, the DoJ’s sanitization workflow could be improved to reduce file size and information leakage.
Peter Wyatt

By Peter Wyatt
December 2025

A case study in PDF forensics: The Epstein PDFs

This article details a PDF forensics case study on a small, random selection of the Epstein PDF files released by the US Department of Justice (DoJ). The tranche contains 4,085 PDF files, with an estimated 5,879 remaining unreleased. Key findings include:

  • A difference in PDF version reporting between forensic tools.
  • The presence of two incremental updates.
  • The discovery of a hidden (orphaned) document information dictionary revealing the software used in processing.
  • The DoJ avoided JPEG images to prevent metadata leakage.
  • Overall, the DoJ’s sanitization workflow could be improved to reduce file size and information leakage.
Peter Wyatt

By Peter Wyatt
December 2025

CIOs and thought leaders to meet in New York City and Washington DC for PDF Day

October 2014 by PDF Association staff
Article


PDF Day brings CIOs together to learn how PDF support for digital signatures, automated invoicing, online collaboration and accessibility take the format far beyond a faithful rendition of a printable … Read more

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October 2014 by PDF Association staff
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Fundamentally, PDF/A is all about reducing risks. Learn more about the archival subset of the world’s chosen electronic document format … Read more

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October 2014 by Mark Stephens
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This year’s JavaOne show in San Francisco sported (at least) four members of the PDF Association. Mark Stephens offers his … Read more

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October 2014 by PDF Association staff
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PDF Day in New York is 18 fast-paced educational sessions packed with non-commercial information for IT executives on a range … Read more

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October 2014 by PDF Association staff
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PDF Day in Washington DC is 18 fast-paced educational sessions packed with non-commercial information for IT executives on a range … Read more

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October 2014 by Duff Johnson
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The PDF Association today announced the appointment of the organization’s Vice Chairman to the role of Executive Director.

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September 2014 by Duff Johnson
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A 5 minute survey providing insight into the way people think about electronic documents vs. documents on paper. The questions … Read more

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September 2014 by Duff Johnson
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The PDF Day events in Washington DC and New York City offer executives and managers high-level, non-commercial information to improve … Read more

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September 2014 by Matthias Wagner
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Yvonne Friese, ZBW, shares her thoughts about the PDF Hackathon titled “Preserving PDF – identify, validate, repair”, which took place … Read more

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July 2014 by Nadine Schuppisser
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SSL has a long history of delivering reliable satellites and spacecraft systems for commercial and government customers around the world. … Read more

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July 2014 by PDF Association staff
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The US Committee for PDF/UA has published its second Technical Implementation Guide. This document focuses on ISO 32000-1.

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