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A case study in PDF forensics: The Epstein PDFs

This article details a PDF forensics case study on a small, random selection of the Epstein PDF files released by the US Department of Justice (DoJ). The tranche contains 4,085 PDF files, with an estimated 5,879 remaining unreleased. Key findings include:

  • A difference in PDF version reporting between forensic tools.
  • The presence of two incremental updates.
  • The discovery of a hidden (orphaned) document information dictionary revealing the software used in processing.
  • The DoJ avoided JPEG images to prevent metadata leakage.
  • Overall, the DoJ’s sanitization workflow could be improved to reduce file size and information leakage.
Peter Wyatt

By Peter Wyatt
December 2025

A case study in PDF forensics: The Epstein PDFs

This article details a PDF forensics case study on a small, random selection of the Epstein PDF files released by the US Department of Justice (DoJ). The tranche contains 4,085 PDF files, with an estimated 5,879 remaining unreleased. Key findings include:

  • A difference in PDF version reporting between forensic tools.
  • The presence of two incremental updates.
  • The discovery of a hidden (orphaned) document information dictionary revealing the software used in processing.
  • The DoJ avoided JPEG images to prevent metadata leakage.
  • Overall, the DoJ’s sanitization workflow could be improved to reduce file size and information leakage.
Peter Wyatt

By Peter Wyatt
December 2025

Interview with Ted Page on using accessible PDF for school exams

October 2015 by PDF Association staff
Article


A few weeks ahead of the PDF Accessibility Days 2015 in Copenhagen, Olaf Drümmer interviewed Ted Page, who will be speaking at the conference, about accessible PDF and school exams.

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October 2015 by PDF Association staff
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Taken together, PDF’s features describe a format of such flexibility and power that it will define the essential “electronic document” … Read more

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September 2015 by PDF Association staff
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Most browsers now support some basic PDF features natively. What’s next for PDF on the web?

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September 2015 by Duff Johnson
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Announcing a new 3D PDF solution using PRC.

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September 2015 by Duff Johnson
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Paper is still with us: “Digital books accounted last year for around 20 percent of the market, roughly the same … Read more

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September 2015 by Duff Johnson
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2 PDF-packed days; 3 tracks, 37 sessions, and two great keynote speakers: Adobe’s Phil Ydens and Silent Circle’s Jon Callas!

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September 2015 by Duff Johnson
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The 0.4 release includes the first complete (in principle) PDF/A-1b validation profile, and while unverified, tests well against the internal … Read more

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September 2015 by PDF Association staff
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Platform technologies provide the infrastructure for the applications end users actually use, whether some kind of cloud or simply leveraging … Read more

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September 2015 by Duff Johnson
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Official PDF Association PDF/A and PDF/UA flyers updated

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August 2015 by Duff Johnson
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PDF creation is now native in Windows.

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August 2015 by Duff Johnson
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The complete specification for Unicode 8.0 is now available, with 7,716 new characters.

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