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A case study in PDF forensics: The Epstein PDFs

This article details a PDF forensics case study on a small, random selection of the Epstein PDF files released by the US Department of Justice (DoJ). The tranche contains 4,085 PDF files, with an estimated 5,879 remaining unreleased. Key findings include:

  • A difference in PDF version reporting between forensic tools.
  • The presence of two incremental updates.
  • The discovery of a hidden (orphaned) document information dictionary revealing the software used in processing.
  • The DoJ avoided JPEG images to prevent metadata leakage.
  • Overall, the DoJ’s sanitization workflow could be improved to reduce file size and information leakage.
Peter Wyatt

By Peter Wyatt
December 2025

A case study in PDF forensics: The Epstein PDFs

This article details a PDF forensics case study on a small, random selection of the Epstein PDF files released by the US Department of Justice (DoJ). The tranche contains 4,085 PDF files, with an estimated 5,879 remaining unreleased. Key findings include:

  • A difference in PDF version reporting between forensic tools.
  • The presence of two incremental updates.
  • The discovery of a hidden (orphaned) document information dictionary revealing the software used in processing.
  • The DoJ avoided JPEG images to prevent metadata leakage.
  • Overall, the DoJ’s sanitization workflow could be improved to reduce file size and information leakage.
Peter Wyatt

By Peter Wyatt
December 2025

PDF Days Europe 2015: Agenda

March 2015 by PDF Association staff
Article


Building on the previous success of last year’s event, PDF Days Europe 2015 will begin with “Educational Day”. Assemble your own personalised information pack- age out of a range of … Read more

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March 2015 by PDF Association staff
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Videos from the December, 2014 PDF Day events in Washington DC and New York City.

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March 2015 by PDF Association staff
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Nitro partnered with the PDF Association to conduct a survey of 1,200+ knowledge workers to learn more about the ways … Read more

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February 2015 by 1,200 users surveyed about document productivity views

The PDF Association teamed up with Nitro to get as many respondents as possible to a survey of knowledge workers.

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February 2015 by Duff Johnson
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PDF/UA is featured in the US Access Board’s 2015 Notice of Public Rule Making for the Section 508 refresh.

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February 2015 by Olaf Drümmer
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Karen McCall will be speaking at this year’s CSUN conference about “The Implementation of PDF/UA and Standardized Access to PDF … Read more

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February 2015 by Thomas Zellmann
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Apache PDFBox becomes a Partner Organization of the PDF Association.

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January 2015 by Duff Johnson
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The Open Preservation Foundation and the PDF Association have signed an agreement to formally recognize their on-going collaborative partnership.

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January 2015 by PDF Association staff
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The ability to embed any file format into a PDF/A-3 file makes use of PDF’s ‘container’ principle. This feature also … Read more

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January 2015 by PDF Association staff
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The main challenge when archiving emails is the absolute menagerie of different file formats a business has to deal with.

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January 2015 by Matthias Wagner
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Electronic invoices: New uniform data format ZUGFeRD saves money and helps SMEs

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