PDF Association logo

Discover pdfa.org

Key resources

Get involved

How do you find the right PDF technology vendor?
Use the Solution Agent to ask the entire PDF communuity!
The PDF Association celebrates its members’ public statements
of support
for ISO-standardized PDF technology.

Member Area


A case study in PDF forensics: The Epstein PDFs

This article details a PDF forensics case study on a small, random selection of the Epstein PDF files released by the US Department of Justice (DoJ). The tranche contains 4,085 PDF files, with an estimated 5,879 remaining unreleased. Key findings include:

  • A difference in PDF version reporting between forensic tools.
  • The presence of two incremental updates.
  • The discovery of a hidden (orphaned) document information dictionary revealing the software used in processing.
  • The DoJ avoided JPEG images to prevent metadata leakage.
  • Overall, the DoJ’s sanitization workflow could be improved to reduce file size and information leakage.
Peter Wyatt

By Peter Wyatt
December 2025

A case study in PDF forensics: The Epstein PDFs

This article details a PDF forensics case study on a small, random selection of the Epstein PDF files released by the US Department of Justice (DoJ). The tranche contains 4,085 PDF files, with an estimated 5,879 remaining unreleased. Key findings include:

  • A difference in PDF version reporting between forensic tools.
  • The presence of two incremental updates.
  • The discovery of a hidden (orphaned) document information dictionary revealing the software used in processing.
  • The DoJ avoided JPEG images to prevent metadata leakage.
  • Overall, the DoJ’s sanitization workflow could be improved to reduce file size and information leakage.
Peter Wyatt

By Peter Wyatt
December 2025

Promoting e-invoicing solutions on pdfa.org

November 2024 by PDF Association staff
For members only, PDF Association news


We’ve started a free XML e-invoice viewing service to help end users to visualise their XML invoices. By adding their existing products to this campaign, PDF Association members can promote … Read more

PDF Association logo
Visit PDF Association staff's profile.

November 2024 by PDF Association staff
PDF Association logo
Visit PDF Association staff‘s profile.

New guidance on PDF Portable Collections and on digitizing paper. | US Army website features PDF/UA | PDFism! | Scratch-and-sniff … Read more

PDF in the Wild

November 2024 by PDF Association staff
PDF Association logo
Visit PDF Association staff‘s profile.

The PDF industry’s technical conference, PDF Week provides an opportunity for cross-pollination, networking and shared experience across PDF’s ecosystem.

PDF Association news

November 2024 by PDF Association staff
PDF Association logo
Visit PDF Association staff‘s profile.

Using the member’s version of the PDF Association logo on your website, outbound communications and printed collateral is a great … Read more

For members only

October 2024 by Duff Johnson
Duff Johnson
Visit Duff Johnson‘s profile.

Accessibility considerations for digital content aren’t limited to navigation, reading and interaction. Users also need to be able to archive, … Read more

Article

October 2024 by PDF Association staff
PDF Association logo
Visit PDF Association staff‘s profile.

The 2nd edition now totals 18 pages includes 5 new sheets focusing on logical structure, tagged PDF, and the Arlington … Read more

PDF Association news

October 2024 by PDF Association staff
PDF Association logo
Visit PDF Association staff‘s profile.

In 2025 Europe will require ebooks to be accessible and include detailed accessibility metadata while Germany will require e-invoicing. | … Read more

PDF in the Wild

September 2024 by Peter Wyatt
Peter Wyatt
Visit Peter Wyatt‘s profile.

This PDF-UX article offers an overview of bookmarks and suggests considerations and general best practices for every PDF author, and … Read more

Article

September 2024 by PDF Association staff
PDF Association logo
Visit PDF Association staff‘s profile.

File type for downloadable forms, in 3 letters | Mobile devices are pain-points for forms | But, Android support for … Read more

PDF in the Wild

September 2024 by PDF Association staff
PDF Association logo
Visit PDF Association staff‘s profile.

PDF Association members – especially those working on PDF’s imaging model – can now access TC 42 WG 23 resources … Read more

Article, For members only

August 2024 by Peter Wyatt
Peter Wyatt
Visit Peter Wyatt‘s profile.

Does your PDF viewer fully support page labels? Does your PDF authoring software? Support for page labels can be a … Read more

Article

Member News

WordPress Cookie Notice by Real Cookie Banner