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A case study in PDF forensics: The Epstein PDFs

This article details a PDF forensics case study on a small, random selection of the Epstein PDF files released by the US Department of Justice (DoJ). The tranche contains 4,085 PDF files, with an estimated 5,879 remaining unreleased. Key findings include:

  • A difference in PDF version reporting between forensic tools.
  • The presence of two incremental updates.
  • The discovery of a hidden (orphaned) document information dictionary revealing the software used in processing.
  • The DoJ avoided JPEG images to prevent metadata leakage.
  • Overall, the DoJ’s sanitization workflow could be improved to reduce file size and information leakage.
Peter Wyatt

By Peter Wyatt
December 2025

A case study in PDF forensics: The Epstein PDFs

This article details a PDF forensics case study on a small, random selection of the Epstein PDF files released by the US Department of Justice (DoJ). The tranche contains 4,085 PDF files, with an estimated 5,879 remaining unreleased. Key findings include:

  • A difference in PDF version reporting between forensic tools.
  • The presence of two incremental updates.
  • The discovery of a hidden (orphaned) document information dictionary revealing the software used in processing.
  • The DoJ avoided JPEG images to prevent metadata leakage.
  • Overall, the DoJ’s sanitization workflow could be improved to reduce file size and information leakage.
Peter Wyatt

By Peter Wyatt
December 2025

Hotel Recommendations and Sightseeing Tips for PDF Days Europe 2018 in Berlin

February 2018 by PDF Association staff
PDF Association news


The No. 1 PDF event – the PDF Days Europe 2018 in Berlin? Great! Here are some hotel recommendations and sightseeing tips near the event location (SI Hotel).

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February 2018 by PDF Association staff
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Richard Cohn, Principal Scientist at Adobe, one of the two co-authors of the original PDF specification in the era of … Read more

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February 2018 by Duff Johnson
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Introduction PDF technology profiles can be leveraged to provide trusted, predictable containers for record types that often present workflow and … Read more

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February 2018 by PDF Association staff
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Over 260 attendees from 40+ federal and state agencies The latest PDF Day event was held on January 29th at … Read more

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January 2018 by PDF Association staff
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The PDF Association returns to Washington DC next Monday, January 29, 2018 for PDF Day DC, a single day packed … Read more

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December 2017 by Duff Johnson
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PDF files deliver a complete package of information that defines a document; everything that’s needed to represent the text, graphics … Read more

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December 2017 by PDF Association staff
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Earlier in 2017 both the US Library of Congress and NARA joined the PDF Association as Liaison members, an option available to non-profit … Read more

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December 2017 by Duff Johnson
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What is a “document”? A document is a record of some (typically written) content – a publication, a contract, a … Read more

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December 2017 by Hans Bärfuss
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SD Times, a leading periodical targeting systems and application developers, has featured PDF in its December 2017 publication. The journalists … Read more

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November 2017 by PDF Association staff
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PDF 1.7, the final Adobe edition of the PDF specification, was published in 2006, and converted to an ISO standard … Read more

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November 2017 by PDF Association staff
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The latest release of veraPDF, the industry-supported, open source PDF/A validator, is now available for download. Version 1.10 is the … Read more

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