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A case study in PDF forensics: The Epstein PDFs

This article details a PDF forensics case study on a small, random selection of the Epstein PDF files released by the US Department of Justice (DoJ). The tranche contains 4,085 PDF files, with an estimated 5,879 remaining unreleased. Key findings include:

  • A difference in PDF version reporting between forensic tools.
  • The presence of two incremental updates.
  • The discovery of a hidden (orphaned) document information dictionary revealing the software used in processing.
  • The DoJ avoided JPEG images to prevent metadata leakage.
  • Overall, the DoJ’s sanitization workflow could be improved to reduce file size and information leakage.
Peter Wyatt

By Peter Wyatt
December 2025

A case study in PDF forensics: The Epstein PDFs

This article details a PDF forensics case study on a small, random selection of the Epstein PDF files released by the US Department of Justice (DoJ). The tranche contains 4,085 PDF files, with an estimated 5,879 remaining unreleased. Key findings include:

  • A difference in PDF version reporting between forensic tools.
  • The presence of two incremental updates.
  • The discovery of a hidden (orphaned) document information dictionary revealing the software used in processing.
  • The DoJ avoided JPEG images to prevent metadata leakage.
  • Overall, the DoJ’s sanitization workflow could be improved to reduce file size and information leakage.
Peter Wyatt

By Peter Wyatt
December 2025

Live streaming of PDF Days Europe 2016

June 2016 by PDF Association staff
Article


For those unable to come to Berlin to attend the «PDF Days Europe 2016», several sessions of the event will be streamed live over the PDF Association Channel on YouTube. … Read more

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June 2016 by PDF Association staff
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PDF 2.0 is nearly finished. Now is an excellent time to help the ISO committee understand your ideas for the … Read more

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June 2016 by Duff Johnson
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The veraPDF purpose-built validator for PDF/A now covers all parts and conformance levels of PDF/A.

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May 2016 by PDF Association staff
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Many organizations use PDF merely to offload printing to end-users. They miss out, because not only does PDF offer a … Read more

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May 2016 by PDF Association staff
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The variety in screen sizes and shapes is a challenge for web technology in general, and for PDF in particular. … Read more

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May 2016 by Alexandra Oettler
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At drupa 2016, the world’s leading trade show for graphic and industrial print as well as media and multichannel, PDF … Read more

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May 2016 by PDF Association staff
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PDF and EPUB meet different needs in different ways. Neither can replace the other.

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May 2016 by PDF Association staff
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The Association for Information and Image Management (AIIM) has awarded its Thomas Bagg Standards Award to Duff Johnson.

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May 2016 by Duff Johnson
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Apple’s latest tablet brings ColorSync functionality to iOS.

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May 2016 by Duff Johnson
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Along with 65 new atomic test suite files, the 0.14 release features validation of all parts and conformance levels of … Read more

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April 2016 by Duff Johnson
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PDF Association Executive Director Duff Johnson wins the Thomas Bagg Standards Award.

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