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A case study in PDF forensics: The Epstein PDFs

This article details a PDF forensics case study on a small, random selection of the Epstein PDF files released by the US Department of Justice (DoJ). The tranche contains 4,085 PDF files, with an estimated 5,879 remaining unreleased. Key findings include:

  • A difference in PDF version reporting between forensic tools.
  • The presence of two incremental updates.
  • The discovery of a hidden (orphaned) document information dictionary revealing the software used in processing.
  • The DoJ avoided JPEG images to prevent metadata leakage.
  • Overall, the DoJ’s sanitization workflow could be improved to reduce file size and information leakage.
Peter Wyatt

By Peter Wyatt
December 2025

A case study in PDF forensics: The Epstein PDFs

This article details a PDF forensics case study on a small, random selection of the Epstein PDF files released by the US Department of Justice (DoJ). The tranche contains 4,085 PDF files, with an estimated 5,879 remaining unreleased. Key findings include:

  • A difference in PDF version reporting between forensic tools.
  • The presence of two incremental updates.
  • The discovery of a hidden (orphaned) document information dictionary revealing the software used in processing.
  • The DoJ avoided JPEG images to prevent metadata leakage.
  • Overall, the DoJ’s sanitization workflow could be improved to reduce file size and information leakage.
Peter Wyatt

By Peter Wyatt
December 2025

PDF Association board significantly expanded

July 2014 by PDF Association staff
Article


Berlin, 04 July 2014. PDF Association has significantly expanded its board of directors. The now ten-member-strong committee is composed of representatives from leading forces within the PDF industry, five from … Read more

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June 2014 by callas pdfaPilot 5 adds email archiving as PDF/A

Berlin, 13 March 2014 – callas software GmbH, a provider of powerful PDF technology for publishing, printing production and document … Read more

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June 2014 by PDF Association staff
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The Matterhorn Protocol 1.02 is now available as a free download!

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June 2014 by Olaf Drümmer
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Foxit’s blog explains how Foxit’s PDF rendering technology is now part of the open source PDFium project, seemingly also used … Read more

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June 2014 by Nadine Schuppisser
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Not all document formats have managed to become a standard and nowhere near enough deliver what they promise. So what … Read more

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May 2014 by Olaf Drümmer
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Launched April 23, 2014, the joint ISO TC 130 WG 2 FTF 3 and PDF Association Working Group just met … Read more

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May 2014 by Olaf Drümmer
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Fogra’s “ISO News 17” provides detailed information about the meetings of ISO TC 130 (the ISO technical committees on “Graphic … Read more

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May 2014 by Olaf Drümmer
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With ColdFusion 11 Enterprise, developers can create and manipulate high-quality PDF files.

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April 2014 by Matthias Wagner
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Xplor Internatational organizes a free webinar «Solving the Mysteries of Accessible Customer Communications» on Wednesday, May 7, 2014, 1:00 PM … Read more

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April 2014 by Matthias Wagner
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With accessibility laws and regulations positioned to become stricter and more regulated in 2014, many organizations are looking for answers … Read more

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April 2014 by PDF Association staff
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Evolving Document-Centric Processes with Advanced Rendering to PDF in Life Science · Meeting Document Requirements in Life Sciences: The Art … Read more

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