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New Accessibility Techniques for PDF: Lists

November 2025 by PDF Association staff

The PDF Association’s third release of its Techniques for Accessible PDF focuses on lists!

This new guidance offers 15 correct (PASS) and 10 incorrect (FAIL) examples of list tagging to help authors properly tag lists in PDF documents.

Proper tagging supports assistive technologies, ensures correct list semantics (ordered, unordered, nested, etc.), and enables accurate reflow and conversions. The provided techniques and failure examples cover all basic types of lists and address common pitfalls. As always, these techniques are vendor-neutral and community-maintained.

The PDF Association’s third release of its Techniques for Accessible PDF focuses on lists!

This new guidance offers 15 correct (PASS) and 10 incorrect (FAIL) examples of list tagging to help authors properly tag lists in PDF documents.

Proper tagging supports assistive technologies, ensures correct list semantics (ordered, unordered, nested, etc.), and enables accurate reflow and conversions. The provided techniques and failure examples cover all basic types of lists and address common pitfalls. As always, these techniques are vendor-neutral and community-maintained.

Industry drives Tagged PDF forward

May 2021 by PDF Association staff
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An overview of industry working-group activities pertaining to tagged PDF.

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April 2021 by Duff Johnson
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Standards development works best when the expert community is open to diverse and dissenting views. The door is already open … Read more

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April 2021 by Peter Wyatt
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This PDF file tests parsing valid combinations of adjacent PDF tokens both in the body of a PDF as well … Read more

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March 2021 by Thomas Zellmann
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Thomas Zellmann, evangelist from the PDF Association, explains why PDF is not only “digital paper” but also one of the … Read more

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February 2021 by Dietrich von Seggern (callas software GmbH)
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The ISO-standardized PDF format and subset formats facilitate digital document solutions for today and tomorrow.

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February 2021 by PDF Association staff
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EA-PDF establishes high-level requirements for using PDF technology to package email for long-term preservation.

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February 2021 by Michael Karbe (Actino Software GmbH)
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As the AstraZeneca vaccine contract debacle makes clear, redacting PDF involves more than just the page; other objects have to … Read more

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January 2021 by Duff Johnson
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PDF/A-4 is essential to losslessly archiving PDF files that use current-generation PDF 2.0 technology… even including scanned documents. From modern … Read more

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January 2021 by Carsten Luedtge (Compart GmbH)
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How do companies stay agile enough in their document and output management to meet increasing customer expectations for speed and … Read more

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December 2020 by PDF Association staff
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27 years after Adobe shipped the first PDF viewer the portable document format has replaced paper as the final format … Read more

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November 2020 by Peter Wyatt
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The original PDF Issue Tracker corpus generated a lot of interest from the PDF technical community; now version 2 of … Read more

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