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New Accessibility Techniques for PDF: Lists

November 2025 by PDF Association staff

The PDF Association’s third release of its Techniques for Accessible PDF focuses on lists!

This new guidance offers 15 correct (PASS) and 10 incorrect (FAIL) examples of list tagging to help authors properly tag lists in PDF documents.

Proper tagging supports assistive technologies, ensures correct list semantics (ordered, unordered, nested, etc.), and enables accurate reflow and conversions. The provided techniques and failure examples cover all basic types of lists and address common pitfalls. As always, these techniques are vendor-neutral and community-maintained.

The PDF Association’s third release of its Techniques for Accessible PDF focuses on lists!

This new guidance offers 15 correct (PASS) and 10 incorrect (FAIL) examples of list tagging to help authors properly tag lists in PDF documents.

Proper tagging supports assistive technologies, ensures correct list semantics (ordered, unordered, nested, etc.), and enables accurate reflow and conversions. The provided techniques and failure examples cover all basic types of lists and address common pitfalls. As always, these techniques are vendor-neutral and community-maintained.

PDF: The document format for everything

August 2019 by Dietrich von Seggern
Article


This article was recently updated. The new version was posted on February 16, 2021. PDF is one of the most widely used formats worldwide. Numerous companies use it to exchange … Read more

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August 2019 by Elizabeth Thede
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Instead of retrieving and searching each file in its associated application, a search engine needs to review all files together … Read more

Article

July 2019 by Roman Toda (Normex)
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Users printing to PDF are throwing away information that could be reused by downstream applications. Find out how “Deriving HTML … Read more

Article, For members only

July 2019 by Frode Hegland
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The Visual-Meta approach take the metadata out of of the document internals and presents it as an appendix at the … Read more

Article

July 2019 by Duff Johnson
Duff Johnson
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What are the essential characteristics and optimal functional requirements of email messages and necessary related information in a PDF technology-based … Read more

Article, PDF Association news

June 2019 by Dietrich von Seggern (callas software GmbH)
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Dietrich von Seggern from callas software is just back from Electronic Document Conference (EDC) in Seattle. His short summary: It … Read more

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June 2019 by Duff Johnson
Duff Johnson
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The US Access Board who sets policy for US federal agencies and contractor’s deliverables has agreed to require PDF/UA.

Article

June 2019 by PDF Association staff
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We interviewed Kenny Swope about his keynote session at the Electronic Document Conference in Seattle, and asked him some questions … Read more

Article

May 2019 by Duff Johnson
Duff Johnson
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How do you redact content in HTML? The format doesn’t really include that concept. In both principle and practice, committing … Read more

Article

May 2019 by Dietrich von Seggern (callas software GmbH)
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The question of data exchange between print data creators and processors has been answered with PDF for the entire graphic … Read more

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April 2019 by Duff Johnson
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As reported within hours by Quartz, four days after its initial release and fanfare-free, the US Department of Justice re-posted … Read more

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