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A case study in PDF forensics: The Epstein PDFs

This article details a PDF forensics case study on a small, random selection of the Epstein PDF files released by the US Department of Justice (DoJ). The tranche contains 4,085 PDF files, with an estimated 5,879 remaining unreleased. Key findings include:

  • A difference in PDF version reporting between forensic tools.
  • The presence of two incremental updates.
  • The discovery of a hidden (orphaned) document information dictionary revealing the software used in processing.
  • The DoJ avoided JPEG images to prevent metadata leakage.
  • Overall, the DoJ’s sanitization workflow could be improved to reduce file size and information leakage.
Peter Wyatt

By Peter Wyatt
December 2025

A case study in PDF forensics: The Epstein PDFs

This article details a PDF forensics case study on a small, random selection of the Epstein PDF files released by the US Department of Justice (DoJ). The tranche contains 4,085 PDF files, with an estimated 5,879 remaining unreleased. Key findings include:

  • A difference in PDF version reporting between forensic tools.
  • The presence of two incremental updates.
  • The discovery of a hidden (orphaned) document information dictionary revealing the software used in processing.
  • The DoJ avoided JPEG images to prevent metadata leakage.
  • Overall, the DoJ’s sanitization workflow could be improved to reduce file size and information leakage.
Peter Wyatt

By Peter Wyatt
December 2025

PDF/UA-1 Technical Implementation Guide for ISO 32000 now published

July 2014 by PDF Association staff
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The US Committee for PDF/UA has published its second Technical Implementation Guide. This document focuses on ISO 32000-1.

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July 2014 by PDF Association staff
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Berlin/Cologne, 04 July 2014. The PDF Association has successfully brought to life a new user-focused event in the form of … Read more

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July 2014 by PDF Association staff
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Berlin, 04 July 2014. PDF Association has significantly expanded its board of directors. The now ten-member-strong committee is composed of … Read more

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June 2014 by PDF Association staff
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The Matterhorn Protocol 1.02 is now available as a free download!

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April 2014 by PDF Association staff
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Evolving Document-Centric Processes with Advanced Rendering to PDF in Life Science · Meeting Document Requirements in Life Sciences: The Art … Read more

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April 2014 by PDF Association staff
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The 1.01 update to the Matterhorn Protocol is now available for free download.

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March 2014 by PDF Association staff
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Since its beginnings in 1993, PDF technology has become a gigantic ecosystem with thousands of different providers. Originally a proprietary … Read more

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March 2014 by PDF Association staff
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This month LEAD’s white paper is an extremely practical one. In fact, we even had a few conversations with customers … Read more

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March 2014 by PDF Association staff
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«PDF Days in Europe 2014» will start with the Educational Day – three tracks of presentations on a wide range of PDF … Read more

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February 2014 by PDF Association staff
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The US National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), the agency responsible for long-term federal government records, has published NARA Bulletin … Read more

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February 2014 by Phil Spreier
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For 3D PDF documents, this post describes how to change the center of rotation for the Rotate Tool.

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