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New Accessibility Techniques for PDF: Lists

November 2025 by PDF Association staff

The PDF Association’s third release of its Techniques for Accessible PDF focuses on lists!

This new guidance offers 15 correct (PASS) and 10 incorrect (FAIL) examples of list tagging to help authors properly tag lists in PDF documents.

Proper tagging supports assistive technologies, ensures correct list semantics (ordered, unordered, nested, etc.), and enables accurate reflow and conversions. The provided techniques and failure examples cover all basic types of lists and address common pitfalls. As always, these techniques are vendor-neutral and community-maintained.

The PDF Association’s third release of its Techniques for Accessible PDF focuses on lists!

This new guidance offers 15 correct (PASS) and 10 incorrect (FAIL) examples of list tagging to help authors properly tag lists in PDF documents.

Proper tagging supports assistive technologies, ensures correct list semantics (ordered, unordered, nested, etc.), and enables accurate reflow and conversions. The provided techniques and failure examples cover all basic types of lists and address common pitfalls. As always, these techniques are vendor-neutral and community-maintained.

PDF Accessibility LWG Discusses Techniques for achieving PDF/UA and WCAG compliance

March 2023 by Markus Erle
Article


The PDF Accessibility Liaison Working Group (LWG) is taking aim at providing a full set of techniques to demonstrate correct solutions for all tagging issues.

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March 2023 by Dietrich von Seggern (callas software GmbH)
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PDF/A – the ISO standard for long-term archiving – now has four sub-standards. This raises an obvious question: which one … Read more

Article

March 2023 by Patrick Gallot
Patrick Gallot
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The 3D and RichMedia Technical Working Groups will be combining for an in-person session during PDF Week 2023 Paris to … Read more

Article

March 2023 by Matthias Valvekens
Matthias Valvekens
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The Digital Signature Technical Working Group chair lays out the work to be discussed at PDF Week Paris 2023.

Article

February 2023 by Paul Rayius (Allyant)
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The PDF/UA Processor LWG will continue the work of developing a processor and AT specification to help drive better accessible … Read more

Article

February 2023 by Peter Wyatt
Peter Wyatt
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The joint Australian and New Zealand national committee on Records and Document Management Systems recommendation to both Standards Australia and … Read more

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January 2023 by Peter Wyatt
Peter Wyatt
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Adobe engineers have formally added support for Unicode 15 to the CMap resources for both Adobe-Japan1-7 and Adobe-KR-9 in the … Read more

Article

January 2023 by Peter Wyatt
Peter Wyatt
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How ISO 19445 might be used with PDF 2.0 and related technology updates relevant to the graphic arts industry.

Article

January 2023 by Peter Wyatt
Peter Wyatt
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CTO Peter Wyatt summarizes key takeaways from the first two years of the PDF specification’s public errata process.

Article

January 2023 by Peter Wyatt
Peter Wyatt
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ISO TC 171 SC 2 is publishing new extensions and clarifications to PDF 2.0 in support of advanced cryptography.

Article

December 2022 by Matthias Valvekens (Matthias Valvekens)
Matthias Valvekens
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A commentary on the interoperability of encrypting PDF documents with public-key cryptography.

Article

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