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A case study in PDF forensics: The Epstein PDFs

This article details a PDF forensics case study on a small, random selection of the Epstein PDF files released by the US Department of Justice (DoJ). The tranche contains 4,085 PDF files, with an estimated 5,879 remaining unreleased. Key findings include:

  • A difference in PDF version reporting between forensic tools.
  • The presence of two incremental updates.
  • The discovery of a hidden (orphaned) document information dictionary revealing the software used in processing.
  • The DoJ avoided JPEG images to prevent metadata leakage.
  • Overall, the DoJ’s sanitization workflow could be improved to reduce file size and information leakage.
Peter Wyatt

By Peter Wyatt
December 2025

A case study in PDF forensics: The Epstein PDFs

This article details a PDF forensics case study on a small, random selection of the Epstein PDF files released by the US Department of Justice (DoJ). The tranche contains 4,085 PDF files, with an estimated 5,879 remaining unreleased. Key findings include:

  • A difference in PDF version reporting between forensic tools.
  • The presence of two incremental updates.
  • The discovery of a hidden (orphaned) document information dictionary revealing the software used in processing.
  • The DoJ avoided JPEG images to prevent metadata leakage.
  • Overall, the DoJ’s sanitization workflow could be improved to reduce file size and information leakage.
Peter Wyatt

By Peter Wyatt
December 2025

Bringing PDF forms up-to-date

August 2022 by John Brinkman (Adobe)
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John Brinkman provides an update on the work of the PDF Association’s Forms TWG and its development of the next generation of PDF forms.

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August 2022 by Akash Choudhary (callas software GmbH)
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Dietrich von Seggern and Akash Choudhary from callas software and David van Driessche from Four Pees are presenting at this … Read more

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August 2022 by Paul Rayius
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The new PDF/UA Processor LWG’s mission is to establish principles and a framework, and then develop requirements for PDF/UA processors … Read more

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August 2022 by Matthias Valvekens (Matthias Valvekens)
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Matthias Valvekens explains the difference and respective value of digital signatures vs. MAC-based technology for authenticating PDF files.

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August 2022 by Matthias Valvekens (Matthias Valvekens)
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Matthias Valvekens, the ISO project leader who led development of ISO 32004, has written a pair of blog posts to … Read more

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August 2022 by PDF Association staff
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This year’s keynote addresses at PDF Days will be delivered by PDF Association CTO Peter Wyatt and Boeing’s Kenny Swope.

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July 2022 by PDF Association staff
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5 reasons your boss should want you to attend PDF Days Europe 2022 in September!

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July 2022 by PDF Association staff
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The new PDF/UA Processor LWG will work to formalize common understandings on processing PDF/UA-conforming PDF files.

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June 2022 by PDF Association staff
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Visiting the No. 1 PDF event – the PDF Days Europe 2022 – in Berlin? Great! Conference hotel – Novotel … Read more

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May 2022 by PDF Association
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33 educational sessions plus 2 keynotes in 2 days of networking opportunities at PDF Days Europe 2022, live in Berlin … Read more

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May 2022 by Duff Johnson
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Tagged PDF is becoming increasingly common. On #GAAD 2022, PDF/UA’s ISO Project Leader takes stock of the progress and highlights … Read more

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