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New Accessibility Techniques for PDF: Lists

November 2025 by PDF Association staff

The PDF Association’s third release of its Techniques for Accessible PDF focuses on lists!

This new guidance offers 15 correct (PASS) and 10 incorrect (FAIL) examples of list tagging to help authors properly tag lists in PDF documents.

Proper tagging supports assistive technologies, ensures correct list semantics (ordered, unordered, nested, etc.), and enables accurate reflow and conversions. The provided techniques and failure examples cover all basic types of lists and address common pitfalls. As always, these techniques are vendor-neutral and community-maintained.

The PDF Association’s third release of its Techniques for Accessible PDF focuses on lists!

This new guidance offers 15 correct (PASS) and 10 incorrect (FAIL) examples of list tagging to help authors properly tag lists in PDF documents.

Proper tagging supports assistive technologies, ensures correct list semantics (ordered, unordered, nested, etc.), and enables accurate reflow and conversions. The provided techniques and failure examples cover all basic types of lists and address common pitfalls. As always, these techniques are vendor-neutral and community-maintained.

When will AI understand document semantics?

March 2025 by PDF Association staff
PDF in the Wild


When will AI understand document semantics? | Will LLM-based OCR live up to the challenge? | Indicating whether the publisher allows PDF files to be mined by AI | JHOVE … Read more

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March 2025 by Erin Dempsey (TWAIN Working Group)
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This article explores how ISVs can use PDF/R to improve imaging application software’s efficiency, reduce development complexity, and enhance customer … Read more

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March 2025 by PDF Association staff
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The PDF Association will host a trio of PDF technology events in Berlin from September 11-19. Save the date… and … Read more

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February 2025 by PDF Association staff
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The new TWG will explore topics such as verifiable credentials, digital signatures, modern cryptography and content provenance frameworks in alignment … Read more

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February 2025 by PDF Association staff
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These free XMP Extension Schema templates support PDF documents that conform to multiple subset standards, including PDF/A, PDF/X, PDF/VT, and … Read more

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February 2025 by Peter Wyatt
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Google’s Jpegli promises smaller JPEG images (and so, smaller PDF files) with no change to reader software! Check it out … Read more

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February 2025 by PDF Association
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PDF Week Boston 2025 is the first of two members-only events in 2025 focused on PDF technology specifications and standards … Read more

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February 2025 by PDF Association staff
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PDF bookmarks from Google Chrome? | What does “PDF” mean to you? | Two reasons why everyone needs PDF | … Read more

PDF in the Wild

February 2025 by PDF Association staff
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Organizations worldwide rely on email at almost every level of daily operations, but lack options for effectively preserving and accessing … Read more

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January 2025 by PDF Association staff
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Adobe, a Partner member of the PDF Association, has renewed its Standards Support Endowment for 2025, marking the 7th year … Read more

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January 2025 by Peter Wyatt
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What’s the smallest possible fully compliant and validatable PDF file? We set out to answer the question.

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