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New Accessibility Techniques for PDF: Lists

November 2025 by PDF Association staff

The PDF Association’s third release of its Techniques for Accessible PDF focuses on lists!

This new guidance offers 15 correct (PASS) and 10 incorrect (FAIL) examples of list tagging to help authors properly tag lists in PDF documents.

Proper tagging supports assistive technologies, ensures correct list semantics (ordered, unordered, nested, etc.), and enables accurate reflow and conversions. The provided techniques and failure examples cover all basic types of lists and address common pitfalls. As always, these techniques are vendor-neutral and community-maintained.

The PDF Association’s third release of its Techniques for Accessible PDF focuses on lists!

This new guidance offers 15 correct (PASS) and 10 incorrect (FAIL) examples of list tagging to help authors properly tag lists in PDF documents.

Proper tagging supports assistive technologies, ensures correct list semantics (ordered, unordered, nested, etc.), and enables accurate reflow and conversions. The provided techniques and failure examples cover all basic types of lists and address common pitfalls. As always, these techniques are vendor-neutral and community-maintained.

Rules for Accessible PDF: Matterhorn Protocol 1.1 is now available

April 2021 by PDF Association staff
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The document promotes adoption of the ISO standard for accessible PDF by software developers, service bureaus and others interested in validating accessibility in PDF documents.

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April 2021 by PDF Association staff
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The PDF community was saddened to learn of the passing of Dr. Chuck Geschke, one of the visionaries who helped … Read more

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April 2021 by PDF Association staff
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A domain-specific subset of PDF, PDF/R is simple to generate and interpret, allowing it to replace the TIFF and JPEG … Read more

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April 2021 by Duff Johnson
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Standards development works best when the expert community is open to diverse and dissenting views. The door is already open … Read more

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April 2021 by Patrick Gallot
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A new Technical Working Group will develop guidance and best-practices for the RichMedia annotation defined in PDF 2.0.

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April 2021 by Peter Wyatt
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This PDF file tests parsing valid combinations of adjacent PDF tokens both in the body of a PDF as well … Read more

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March 2021 by Thomas Zellmann
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Thomas Zellmann, evangelist from the PDF Association, explains why PDF is not only “digital paper” but also one of the … Read more

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March 2021 by PDF Association staff
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The Technical University of Dresden has created very compact and clear instructions that describe in an easy-to-understand manner how to … Read more

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March 2021 by PDF Association staff
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PDF 2.0 Application Note 003 identifies precise locations for PDF objects’ XMP metadata to help drive interoperability across all PDF … Read more

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March 2021 by PDF Association staff
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PDF Days Europe 2021 is coming in September, 2021! Join us for a hybrid online / in-person event that allows … Read more

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February 2021 by Dietrich von Seggern (callas software GmbH)
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The ISO-standardized PDF format and subset formats facilitate digital document solutions for today and tomorrow.

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