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New Accessibility Techniques for PDF: Lists

November 2025 by PDF Association staff

The PDF Association’s third release of its Techniques for Accessible PDF focuses on lists!

This new guidance offers 15 correct (PASS) and 10 incorrect (FAIL) examples of list tagging to help authors properly tag lists in PDF documents.

Proper tagging supports assistive technologies, ensures correct list semantics (ordered, unordered, nested, etc.), and enables accurate reflow and conversions. The provided techniques and failure examples cover all basic types of lists and address common pitfalls. As always, these techniques are vendor-neutral and community-maintained.

The PDF Association’s third release of its Techniques for Accessible PDF focuses on lists!

This new guidance offers 15 correct (PASS) and 10 incorrect (FAIL) examples of list tagging to help authors properly tag lists in PDF documents.

Proper tagging supports assistive technologies, ensures correct list semantics (ordered, unordered, nested, etc.), and enables accurate reflow and conversions. The provided techniques and failure examples cover all basic types of lists and address common pitfalls. As always, these techniques are vendor-neutral and community-maintained.

Selling HTML to PDF C# Libraries: A Consultative Approach

December 2025 by Anne Lazarakis (Iron Software)
Article


Developers evaluating HTML to PDF libraries have specific compliance and accessibility requirements. Sales teams who understand PDF/UA and PDF/A can engage consultatively, recommending the right solution rather than simply pitching … Read more

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November 2025 by PDF Association staff
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An initiative to translate PDF 2.0 (ISO 32000-2) into Chinese aims to expand digital document interoperability and advance the PDF … Read more

Article

November 2025 by Peter Wyatt
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Understanding how URLs can exist and behave in PDF/A files is critical to preservationists who need to identify, audit, and … Read more

Article

November 2025 by PDF Association staff
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The global digital preservation community will come together on Thursday, November 6, 2025 to celebrate #WDPD2025 under the theme “Why Preserve?” Learn how … Read more

Article

October 2025 by Daniel Wilson (BFO (Big Faceless Organization))
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The PDF industry is preparing for the quantum era by adopting post-quantum cryptography (PQC) standards. Following key developments at PDF … Read more

Article

September 2025 by Peter Wyatt
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ISO standardized subsets of PDF, such as PDF/UA, enable files to claim conformance to a specific version of PDF/UA using … Read more

Article

September 2025 by PDF Association staff
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According to Board chair Raf Hens: “The event showcased what makes the PDF ecosystem unique: a standards-driven, industry-wide collaboration where … Read more

Article

August 2025 by Jacob Mellor (Iron Software)
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This article is written from my perspective as a lifelong software engineer and current CTO who codes differently – first … Read more

Article

July 2025 by Peter Wyatt
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We were asked to investigate non-functional internal document (intra-document) hyperlinks in PDFs stored on Google Drive and viewed with Google’s … Read more

Article

July 2025 by Paul Rayius (Allyant)
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Experience since PDF/UA-1 was published has revealed that some rules were too prescriptive. In some situations the semantic significance of … Read more

Article

June 2025 by Patrick Gallot (Datalogics)
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PDF has long relied on Flate for general-purpose data compression. Today, Brotli has emerged as a promising new approach that … Read more

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