Accessible PDF
Representing the PDF industry via our Category A Liaison with ISO TC 171 SC 2, the PDF Association provides a vendor-neutral platform for PDF’s stakeholders to come together to achieve technical consensus on advancing the specifications and standards that define PDF technology. We are deeply committed to providing the necessary infrastructure, guidance, techniques, and other resources to help developers, regulators, authors and users get on the same page about how to ensure rich, reliable, accessible PDF documents.
Of our current 19 Technical and Liaison Working Groups 5 are directly concerned with advancing the accessibility-related features of PDF technology via publication of various types of guidance, including the Tagged PDF Best Practice Guide, the Matterhorn Protocol, Well-Tagged PDF (WTPDF) (later published by ISO as PDF/UA-2 (ISO 14289-2), and most recently, the beta release of the PDF Accessibility LWG’s Techniques for Accessible PDF.
This page gathers content regarding PDF accessibility from across pdfa.org.
- ISO standards for accessible PDF
- Industry specifications on accessibility
- Other PDF industry publications related to accessibility
- Member working groups related to accessibility
- Articles on accessibility
- PDF Days presentations on accessibility
- Members' news on accessibility
- Members' products & services supporting PDF/UA
ISO standards for accessible PDF
The PDF Association is ISO's and ANSI's committee manager for ISO TC 171 SC 2, publisher of all ISO standards for PDF technology with the exception of ISO 15930 (PDF/X) and ISO 16612 (PDF/VT), which are developed under the auspices of ISO TC 130.
ISO 14289-2:2024 (PDF/UA-2) defines the use of tagged PDF in files conforming to ISO 32000-2:2020 … Read more
ISO/TS 32005 extends ISO 32000-2 to clarify inclusion rules for using tags defined in the … Read more
ISO 14289-1:2014 (PDF/UA-1) defines the use of tagged PDF in files conforming to ISO 32000-1:2008 … Read more
Industry specifications on accessibility
These formal industry publications define the interoperable use of PDF technology for accessibility purposes. All are freely available. Some are also published as ISO standards.
Comprehensive requirements for software that seeks to create fully reusable and accessible PDF 2.0 files … Read more
An informative representation of the allowable containment of structure element types as defined in ISO/TS … Read more
This document describes an algorithm for producing conforming HTML from a well-tagged PDF document. HTML … Read more
Other PDF industry publications related to accessibility
In keeping with the spirit of the original PDF Reference, all PDF Association publications are freely available.
This document provides guidance and recommendations for application developers who want to create PDF files … Read more
Commercial and free PDF creation, viewing or validation software that exposes the relationship between a … Read more
These Techniques provide atomic example files and test procedures in a vendor-neutral manner, allowing PDF … Read more
Comprehensive requirements for software that seeks to create fully reusable and accessible PDF 2.0 files … Read more
An informative representation of the allowable containment of structure element types as defined in ISO/TS … Read more
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Member working groups related to accessibility
The PDF Association's volunteer working groups represent the organization's true purpose and most important feature. Their primary purpose is to develop and obtain consensus on PDF specifications, test-suites, technical and application notes, best practices and other formal industry guidance. Many of these products are eventually submitted for ISO standardization via ISO TC 171 SC 2.
Accessibility is the direct or indirect focus of the following working groups:
Exploring pathways to expressing PDF content in HTML.
Developing techniques and examples for accessible PDF.
Accessible PDF, including oversight of ISO 14289.
Articles on accessibility
PDF Association members can post non-commercial educational content on pdfa.org.
December 2025 by Diana Kosovac (PDFix)
We analyzed PDF/UA-1 validation results across multiple commonly used tools using 155 reference files. This article shares key observations to … Read more
August 2025 by PDF Association staff
In the context of the European Accessibility Act (EAA), accessible PDFs are shifting from a “nice to have” to a … Read more
July 2025 by Paul Rayius (PDFix)
Experience since PDF/UA-1 was published has revealed that some rules were too prescriptive. In some situations the semantic significance of … Read more
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PDF Days presentations on accessibility
These educational presentations were presented at PDF Days events by a wide range of industry experts.
With mobile claiming more than 50% of total internet usage for the past 5 years, the way we interact and manipulate content must continue to adapt. For all a lot … Read more
Tagged, accessible PDF documents are already part of the standard requirements of many companies – partly due to legal obligations, but increasingly also under a moral aspect. This requirement already … Read more
More and more PDFs need to be accessible and so PDF/UA compliant. Today it is technically possible to generate such files of of many tools without tricks hacks used years … Read more
What does it mean for a mobile PDF reader to focus on accessibility? How does a PDF presentation optimized for accessibility differ from a strictly PDF/UA conforming presentation? What challenges … Read more
PDF is THE standard for print production and digitally delivered documents. Controversial? Perhaps, but the fact remains that PDF continues to see more adoption every year. It has cracked open … Read more
We demonstrate the extension of veraPDF framework for validating syntax of PDF/UA-1 and Tagged PDF including formal list of checks, test corpus development and visualization of the reports. Additionally, we … Read more
Members' news on accessibility
PDF Association members have lots to say! pdfa.org provides a means for our members to promote their company, products and services. The PDF Association is not responsible for members' representation of their products or services.
February 2026 by Continual Engine
Learn how poorly structured tables impact PDF accessibility, screen reader navigation, and compliance with accessibility standards.
January 2026 by Superace Software Technologies Co., Ltd.
UPDF for iOS, developed by Superace, is now live on Product Hunt, offering full-featured PDF editing, AI-assisted document workflows, and … Read more
December 2025 by Dual Lab sprl
Dual Lab is glad to announce a new PDF Accessibility Checker available immediately for tests and download.
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Members' products & services supporting PDF/UA
PDF Association members are entitled to post their products and services in the product showcase. And, if applicable, in the PDF Association's list of Tools for Accessible PDF. The members' posting the products listed below are claiming that the product supports PDF/UA-1. The PDF Association is not responsible for members' representation of their products or services.
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